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Jeremy Irons
SDCC 2015 - Jeremy Irons (19524260758) (cropped).jpg
Irons at the 2015 San Diego Comic-Con
Born
Jeremy John Irons

(1948-09-19) 19 September 1948 (age 70)
Cowes, Isle of Wight, England, United Kingdom
ResidenceKilcoe Castle, Ballydehob, County Cork, Ireland
The Liberties, Dublin, Ireland
Cowes, Isle of Wight, England
Watlington, Oxfordshire, England
NationalityBritish
CitizenshipBritish
Alma materBristol Old Vic Theatre School
OccupationActor
Years active1969–present
Spouse(s)
ChildrenSamuel Irons
Max Irons
RelativesSorcha Cusack (sister-in-law)
Niamh Cusack (sister-in-law)
Pádraig Cusack (brother-in-law)
Catherine Cusack (sister-in-law)
Cyril Cusack (father-in-law)
Maureen Cusack (mother-in-law)

Jeremy John Irons (born 19 September 1948)[1] is an English actor. After receiving classical training at the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School, Irons began his acting career on stage in 1969 and has since appeared in many West End theatre productions, including The Winter's Tale, Macbeth, Much Ado About Nothing, The Taming of the Shrew, Godspell, Richard II, and Embers. In 1984, he made his Broadway debut in Tom Stoppard's The Real Thing and received a Tony Award for Best Actor.

Irons's first major film role came in the romantic drama The French Lieutenant's Woman (1981), for which he received a BAFTA nomination for Best Actor. After starring in dramas, such as Moonlighting (1982), Betrayal (1983), and The Mission (1986), he was praised for portraying twin gynaecologists in David Cronenberg's psychological thriller Dead Ringers (1988). Irons won multiple awards, including the Academy Award for Best Actor, for his portrayal of the accused attempted murderer Claus von Bülow in Reversal of Fortune (1990).

Other films have included Steven Soderbergh's mystery thriller Kafka (1991), the period drama The House of the Spirits (1993), the romantic drama M. Butterfly (1993), the voice of Scar in Disney's The Lion King (1994), Simon Gruber in the action film Die Hard with a Vengeance (1995), the drama Lolita (1997), Musketeer Aramis in The Man in the Iron Mask (1998), the action adventure Dungeons & Dragons (2000), the drama The Merchant of Venice (2004), the drama Being Julia (2004), the epic historical drama Kingdom of Heaven (2005), the fantasy-adventure Eragon (2006), the Western Appaloosa (2008), and the indie drama Margin Call (2011). In 2016, he appeared in Assassin's Creed and, starting that year, has portrayed Alfred Pennyworth in the DC Extended Universe, beginning with Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice and reprising the role in Justice League (2017).

Irons has also made many appearances in television dramas. He earned his first Golden Globe Award nomination for his break-out role in the ITV series Brideshead Revisited (1981). In 2005, Irons appeared in the historical miniseries Elizabeth I, for which he received a Golden Globe Award and an Emmy Award for Best Supporting Actor. From 2011 to 2013, he starred as Pope Alexander VI in the Showtime historical series The Borgias. He is one of the few actors who have achieved the "Triple Crown of Acting", winning an Academy Award for film, an Emmy Award for television and a Tony Award for theatre. In October 2011, he was nominated the Goodwill Ambassador for the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Early life[edit]

Irons was born in Cowes on the Isle of Wight, the son of Paul Dugan Irons (1913–1983), an accountant, and Barbara Anne Brereton Brymer (née Sharpe; 1914–1999).[1] He has some Scottish and Irish ancestry, tracing the latter back to County Cork. Irons has a brother, Christopher (born 1943), and a sister, Felicity Anne (born 1944). He was educated at the independent Sherborne School in Dorset from 1962 to 1966. He was the drummer and harmonica player in a four-man school band called the Four Pillars of Wisdom.[2]

Acting career[edit]

Early work[edit]

Irons trained as an actor at the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School and later became president of its fundraising appeal. He performed a number of plays, and busked on the streets of Bristol, before appearing on the London stage as John the Baptist and Judas opposite David Essex in Godspell, which opened at the Roundhouse on 17 November 1971 before transferring to Wyndham's Theatre playing a total of 1,128 performances.[3]

Television[edit]

Irons in July 2006

Irons's TV career began on British television in the early 1970s, including appearances on the children's series Play Away and as Franz Liszt in the BBC series Notorious Woman (1974). More significantly, he starred in the 13-part adaptation of H.E. Bates' novel Love for Lydia (1977) for London Weekend Television, and attracted attention for his key role as the pipe-smoking German student, a romantic pairing with Judi Dench, in Harold Pinter's screenplay adaptation of Aidan Higgins' novel Langrishe, Go Down (1978) for BBC Television.

The role which significantly raised his profile was Charles Ryder in the television adaptation of Evelyn Waugh's Brideshead Revisited (1981). First broadcast on ITV, the show ranks among the most successful British television dramas, with Irons receiving a Golden Globe nomination for his performance.[4] Brideshead reunited him with Anthony Andrews, with whom he had appeared in The Pallisers seven years earlier. Around the same time he starred in the film The French Lieutenant's Woman (also 1981) opposite Meryl Streep.

After these major successes, he played the leading role of an exiled Polish building contractor, working in the Twickenham area of southwest London, in Jerzy Skolimowski's independent film Moonlighting (1982). On 23 March 1991, he hosted Saturday Night Live on NBC in the US, and appeared as Sherlock Holmes in the Sherlock Holmes' Surprise Party sketch.[5]

In 2005, Irons won both an Emmy award and a Golden Globe award for his supporting role in the TV mini-series, Elizabeth I. A year later, he was one of the participants in the third series of the BBC documentary series Who Do You Think You Are?.[6][7] In 2008, he played Lord Vetinari in Terry Pratchett's The Colour of Magic, an adaptation for Sky One.

On 6 November 2008, TV Guide reported Irons would star as photographer Alfred Stieglitz with Joan Allen as painter Georgia O'Keeffe, in a Lifetime Television biopic, Georgia O'Keeffe (2009).[8] Irons also appeared in the documentary for Irish television channel TG4, Faoi Lan Cheoil, in which he learned to play the fiddle.

On 12 January 2011, Irons was a guest-star in an episode of Law & Order: Special Victims Unit called "Mask". He played Dr. Cap Jackson, a sex therapist.[9] He reprised the role on an episode titled "Totem" that ran on 30 March 2011. Irons stars in the 2011 US premium cable network Showtime's series The Borgias, a highly fictionalised account of the Renaissance dynasty of that name.[10] On 8 November 2018, it was announced that Irons had been cast as Adrian Veidt / Ozymandias in HBO's upcoming Watchmen series.[11]

Film[edit]

Irons at the 2011 Berlin Film Festival

Irons made his film debut in Nijinsky in 1980. He appeared sporadically in films during the 1980s, including the Cannes Palme d'Or winner The Mission in 1986, and in the dual role of twin gynaecologists in David Cronenberg's Dead Ringers in 1988. Other films include Danny the Champion of the World (1989), Reversal of Fortune (1990), for which he won the Academy Award for Best Actor, Kafka (1991), Damage (1993), M. Butterfly (1993), The House of the Spirits (1993) appearing again with Glenn Close and Meryl Streep, the voice of Scar in The Lion King (1994), portraying Simon Gruber in Die Hard with a Vengeance (1995), co-starring Bruce Willis and Samuel L. Jackson, Bernardo Bertolucci's Stealing Beauty (1996), the 1997 remake of Lolita, and as the musketeer Aramis opposite Leonardo DiCaprio in the 1998 film version of The Man in the Iron Mask.

Irons in Paris, 2014

Other roles include the evil wizard Profion in the film Dungeons and Dragons (2000) and Rupert Gould in Longitude (2000). He played the Über-Morlock in the film The Time Machine (2002). In 2004, Irons played Severus Snape in Comic Relief's Harry Potter parody, "Harry Potter and the Secret Chamberpot of Azerbaijan". In 2005, he appeared in the films Casanova opposite Heath Ledger, and Ridley Scott's Kingdom of Heaven. He has co-starred with John Malkovich in two films, The Man in the Iron Mask (1998) and Eragon (2006), though they did not have any scenes together in the latter.

In 2008, Irons co-starred with Ed Harris and Viggo Mortensen in Appaloosa, directed by Harris. In 2011, Irons appeared alongside Kevin Spacey in the thriller Margin Call.[12] In 2012, he starred and worked as executive producer of the environmental documentary film Trashed.[13] He portrayed the mathematician G. H. Hardy in the 2015 film The Man Who Knew Infinity. Irons played Alfred Pennyworth in Warner Bros.' Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016)[14] and Justice League (2017). In 2018, he played General Vladimir Korchnoi in Francis Lawrence's spy thriller film Red Sparrow, based on Jason Matthews' book of the same name.[15]

Theatre[edit]

Irons has worked with the Royal Shakespeare Company three times in 1976, 1986–87 and 2010.[16][17] After years of success in the West End in London, Irons made his New York debut in 1984 and won a Tony Award for his Broadway performance opposite Glenn Close in The Real Thing.

After an absence from the London stage for 18 years, in 2006 he co-starred with Patrick Malahide in Christopher Hampton's stage adaptation of Sándor Márai's novel Embers at the Duke of York's Theatre.[18]

He made his National Theatre debut playing former British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan (1957–1963) in Never So Good, a new play by Howard Brenton which opened at the Lyttelton on 19 March 2008.[19][20] In 2009, Irons appeared on Broadway opposite Joan Allen in the play Impressionism.[21] The play ran through 10 May 2009 at the Gerald Schoenfeld Theater.[21]

Other ventures[edit]

Audio[edit]

Irons has had extensive voice work in a range of different fields throughout his career. He read the audiobook recording of Evelyn Waugh's Brideshead Revisited, Paulo Coelho's The Alchemist, Vladimir Nabokov's Lolita (he had also appeared in the 1997 film version of the novel), and James and the Giant Peach by the children's author Roald Dahl.[22]

In particular, he was praised for recording the poetry of T.S. Eliot for BBC Radio 4. Beginning in 2012 with The Waste Land, he went on to record Four Quartets in 2014, The Love Song of J Alfred Prufrock on the centenary of its publication in 2015, and Old Possum's Book of Practical Cats in 2016. He finally completed recording the entire canon of T.S. Eliot which was broadcast over New Year's Day 2017.[23]

One of his best known film roles has turned out to be lending his distinctive voice to Scar in The Lion King (1994) serving as the main antagonist of the film. Irons has since provided voiceovers for three Disney World attractions. He narrated the Spaceship Earth ride, housed in the large geodesic globe at Epcot in Florida from October 1994 to July 2007.[24] He was also the English narrator for the Studio Tram Tour: Behind the Magic at the Walt Disney Studios Park at Disneyland Paris.[25] He voiced H. G. Wells in the English language version of the former Disney attraction The Timekeeper. He also reprised his role as Scar in Fantasmic. He is also one of the readers in the 4x CD boxed set of The Fairy Tales of Oscar Wilde, produced by Marc Sinden and sold in aid of the Royal Theatrical Fund.[26]

He serves as the English language version of the audio guide for Westminster Abbey in London.[27] Irons has served as voice-over in two big cat documentary films by National Geographic: Eye of the Leopard, which was released in 2006,[28] and The Last Lions, which was released on 18 February 2011.[29] Between 2009 and 2012 he narrated the French-produced documentary series about volcanoes, Life on Fire. The series premiered on PBS in the United States on 2 January 2013.

In 2008, two researchers, a linguist and a sound engineer, found "the perfect [male] voice" to be a combination of Irons's and Alan Rickman's voices based on a sample of 50 voices.[30] Coincidentally, the two actors played brothers in the Die Hard series of films. Speaking at 200 words per minute and pausing for 1.2 seconds between sentences, Irons came very close to the ideal voice model, with the linguist Andrew Linn explaining why his "deep gravelly tones" inspired trust in listeners.[30] He recited the spoken sections, most notably 'Late Lament', for The Moody Blues 50th Anniversary Tour of 'Days Of Future Passed', and also appears on the video presentation.[31]

Music[edit]

In 1985, Irons directed a music video for Carly Simon and her heavily promoted single, "Tired of Being Blonde", and in 1994, he had a cameo role in the video for Elastica's hit single "Connection".[32]

Irons has contributed to other musical performances, recording William Walton's Façade with Dame Peggy Ashcroft, Stravinsky's The Soldier's Tale conducted by the composer, and in 1987 the songs from Lerner and Loewe's My Fair Lady with Dame Kiri Te Kanawa, released on the Decca label. Irons sang segments of "Be Prepared" in the film The Lion King.

To mark the 100th anniversary of Noël Coward's birth, Irons sang a selection of his songs at the 1999 Last Night of the Proms held at the Royal Albert Hall in London, ending with "London Pride", a patriotic song written in the spring of 1941 during the Blitz.[33] In 2003, Irons played Fredrik Egerman in a New York revival of Stephen Sondheim's A Little Night Music, and two years later appeared as King Arthur in Lerner and Loewe's Camelot at the Hollywood Bowl. He performed the Bob Dylan song "Make You Feel My Love" on the 2006 charity album Unexpected Dreams – Songs From the Stars.[34]

In 2009, Irons appeared on the Touchstone album Wintercoast, recording a narrative introduction to the album.[35] Recording took place in New York City, New York in February 2009 during rehearsals for his Broadway play Impressionism.

Activism and views[edit]

At the 1991 Tony Awards, Irons was one of the few celebrities to wear the recently created red ribbon to support the fight against AIDS, and he was the first celebrity to wear it onscreen.[36][37]

In 1998, Irons and his wife were named in the list of the biggest private financial donors to the Labour Party, a year after its return to government with Tony Blair's victory in the 1997 United Kingdom general election, after 18 years in opposition.[38] He was also one of several celebrities who endorsed the parliamentary candidacy of the Green Party's Caroline Lucas at the 2015 UK general election.[39]

In 2004, he publicly declared his support for the Countryside Alliance, referring to the 2004 Hunting Act as an "outrageous assault on civil liberties" and "one of the two most devastating parliamentary votes in the last century".[40]

Irons is an outspoken critic of the death penalty and has supported the campaign by the human rights organisation Amnesty International UK to abolish capital punishment worldwide.[41] Among his arguments in 2007, Irons states the death penalty infringes on two fundamental human rights, the right to life, and no-one shall be subject to torture, adding that while the person accused of a crime may have abused those rights, to advocate the same be done to them is to join them.[41]

In 2009, Irons signed a petition in support of Polish film director Roman Polanski, calling for his release after he was arrested in Switzerland in relation to his 1977 charge for drugging and raping a 13-year-old girl.[42]

He has been criticised in the British Medical Journal for his fundraising activities in support of The College of Medicine, an alternative medicine lobby group in the UK linked to Prince Charles.[43]

In 2013, he caused controversy for an interview with the HuffPost, in which he said he "doesn't have a strong feeling either way" on gay marriage but expressed fears that it could "debase" marital law, suggesting it could be manipulated to allow fathers to pass on their estates to their sons without being taxed, because he supposed incest laws would not apply to men.[44][45] He later clarified his comments, saying he was providing an example of a situation that could cause a "legal quagmire" under the laws that allow same-sex marriage, and that he had been misinterpreted. He added that some gay relationships are "healthier" than their straight counterparts.[46] He said in a BBC interview that he wished he had "buttoned" his lip before asking if its legalization would see fathers marry sons.[47][48]

He supports the legal availability of abortion, having said that he believes that "women should be allowed to make the decision". Nevertheless, he agreed with a pro-life advocate and was quoted as saying that "the church is right to say it's a sin".[49]

Charity work[edit]

He is the Patron of the "Emergency Response Team Search and Rescue" or "ERTSAR" which is a life saving United Nations recognised disaster response search and rescue team and registered Charity. It is based in his home County of Oxfordshire, England. He supports a number of other charities, including the Prison Phoenix Trust in England, and the London-based Evidence for Development which seeks to improve the lives of the world's most needy people by preventing famines and delivering food aid, for both of which he is an active patron.[50][51][52]

In 2010, Irons starred in a promotional video,[53] for "The 1billionhungry project" – a worldwide drive to attract at least one million signatures to a petition calling on international leaders to move hunger to the top of the political agenda.[54]

Irons was named Goodwill Ambassador of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in 2011.[55] He provided the narration of the 2013 documentary (by Andrew Lauer[56]) Sahaya Going Beyond about the work of the charity Sahaya International.[57]

In November 2015, Irons supported the No Cold Homes campaign by the UK charity Turn2us.[58] Irons was one of nearly thirty celebrities, who included Helen Mirren, Hugh Laurie and Ed Sheeran, to donate items of winter clothing to the campaign, with the proceeds used to help people in the UK struggling to keep their homes warm in winter.[58]

Irons is a patron of the Chiltern Shakespeare Company, which produces Shakespearean plays annually in Beaconsfield, Buckinghamshire,[59] and a London-based drama school, The Associated Studios.[60] Irons was bestowed an Honorary Life Membership by the University College Dublin Law Society in September 2008, in honour of his contribution to television, film, audio, music, and theatre.[61][62] Also in 2008, Irons was awarded an Honorary Doctorate by Southampton Solent University.[63] On 20 July 2016, Irons was announced as the first Chancellor of Bath Spa University.[64]

Personal life[edit]

Kilcoe Castle, built c. 1450 by the Clan Dermod MacCarthy

Irons married Julie Hallam in 1969, but they divorced later that year.[1] He married Irish actress Sinéad Cusack on 28 March 1978.[1] They have two sons, Samuel "Sam" Irons (born 1978), who works as a photographer, and Maximilian "Max" Irons (born 1985), also an actor. Both of Irons's sons have appeared in films with their father. Irons's wife and children are Catholic; Irons has also been described as a practising Catholic[65] and has stated:

I don't go to church much because I don't like belonging to a club, and I don't go to confession or anything like that, I don't believe in it. But I try to be aware of where I fail and I occasionally go to services. I would hate to be a person who didn't have a spiritual side because there's nothing to nourish you in life apart from retail therapy.[66]

He owns Kilcoe Castle near Ballydehob, County Cork, Ireland, and had the castle painted pink.[67] He also has another Irish residence in The Liberties of Dublin, as well as a home in his birth town of Cowes[68] and a house and barn in Watlington, Oxfordshire.[69] Irons is fluent in French.[70]

In March 2016 Irons told the BBC Radio 4 Today programme that he would refuse an invitation to the palace to accept a New Year Honour should it ever arrive: "I became an actor to be a rogue and a vagabond so I don't think it would be apt for the establishment to pull me in as one of their own, for I ain't."[71]

Filmography[edit]

Main article: Jeremy Irons on stage and screen

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d "Jeremy Irons Biography (1948–)". Filmreference.com. Retrieved 14 June 2012.
  2. ^ Nicholls, Mark (2012). Lost Objects Of Desire: The Performances of Jeremy Irons. New York City: Berghahn Books. p. 8. ISBN 978-0857454430.
  3. ^ Green, Stanley (1976). Encyclopaedia of the Musical Theatre. London, England: Cassell. ISBN 978-0396072218.
  4. ^ Dempster, Sarah; Dent, Grace; Mangan, Lucy; Lawson, Mark; Wollaston, Sam; Vine, Richard (19 July 2015). "The top 50 TV dramas of all time: 2-10". The Guardian. London.
  5. ^ "Jeremy Irons SNL Season 16, Episode 16". NBC. 19 July 2015.
  6. ^ Hoggard, Liz (30 September 2006). "Jeremy Irons: The fire in irons". The Independent. London. Retrieved 6 May 2010.
  7. ^ "BBC One Fall 2006" (Press release). BBC. Retrieved 18 July 2006.
  8. ^ "Lifetime to Paint Bio of Georgia O'Keeffe" TV Guide. 6 November 2008. Retrieved 7 November 2008.
  9. ^ "SVU Scoop: Oscar Winner Jeremy Irons to Guest-Star". TV Guide. 3 December 2010. Retrieved 3 December 2010.
  10. ^ "Jeremy Irons | British actor". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 12 August 2017.
  11. ^ Barsanti, Sam (8 November 2018). "Jeremy Irons Is Apparently Old Ozymandias In HBO's Watchmen". The A.V. Club. Retrieved 10 November 2018.
  12. ^ Kay, Jeremy (25 January 2011). "Margin Call is a fine crash movie, but no banker". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 24 February 2011.
  13. ^ Leo Hickman (11 December 2012). "Jeremy Irons talks trash for his new environmental documentary". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 November 2016.
  14. ^ "Jesse Eisenberg and Jeremy Irons Join the Cast of Warner Bros. Pictures' Untitled Superman/Batman Film from Director Zack Snyder". Business Wire. 31 January 2014.
  15. ^ Ford, Rebecca (6 December 2016). "Matthias Schoenaerts, Jeremy Irons Joining Jennifer Lawrence in 'Red Sparrow' (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 6 October 2017.
  16. ^ Trowbridge, Simon. The Company: A Biographical Dictionary of the Royal Shakespeare Company, Oxford: Editions Albert Creed (2010) ISBN 978-0-9559830-2-3
  17. ^ "The Company: A Biographical Dictionary of the RSC: Supplementary Material". Stratfordians.org.uk. Retrieved 14 June 2012.[permanent dead link]
  18. ^ Thaxter, John (6 March 2006). "The Stage review of Embers". The Stage. Retrieved 14 June 2012.
  19. ^ Lalayn Baluch (16 January 2008). "The Stage / News / Irons to play Harold Macmillan in National debut". The Stage. Retrieved 14 June 2012.
  20. ^ "Productions : Never So Good". Royal National Theatre. Archived from the original on 12 May 2008. Retrieved 14 June 2012.
  21. ^ a b "Impressionism." The New York Times. Retrieved 8 April 2009.
  22. ^ "James and the Giant Peach Audiobook". Publishers Weekly. New York City: PWxyz, LLC. 26 June 2015.
  23. ^ Jeremy Irons Reads TS Eliot. BBC. Retrieved 4 July 2017
  24. ^ Zibart, Eve; Hoekstra, David (2009). Unofficial Guide to Walt Disney World For Grown-Ups. John Wiley & Sons. p. 130.
  25. ^ "Studio Tram Tour: Behind the Magic". Disneyland Paris. Retrieved 26 June 2015
  26. ^ "The Royal Theatrical Fund – Helping and Supporting Theatrical Artists, Stage Actors, Television Actors, Film Actors and associated professions". Trtf.com. Archived from the original on 17 December 2010. Retrieved 22 February 2011.
  27. ^ "Westminster Abbey Audio Guide". westminster-abbey.org. Retrieved 26 June 2915
  28. ^ Eye of the Leopard on IMDb
  29. ^ "The Last Lions – Official Movie Site – National Geographic Movies". National Geographic. Retrieved 22 February 2011.
  30. ^ a b "Formula 'secret of perfect voice'". BBC News. 30 May 2008. Retrieved 6 December 2010.
  31. ^ Wood, Mikael (18 June 2017). "The Moody Blues open the season — and flirt with self-parody — at the Hollywood Bowl". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 21 July 2017.
  32. ^ "Billboard 22 June 1985". p. 1. Billboard. Retrieved 26 June 2015
  33. ^ "Last Night of the Proms 1999". BBC. Retrieved 26 June 2015
  34. ^ "Unexpected Dreams – Songs From the Stars". AllMusic. Retrieved 26 June 2015
  35. ^ "Touchstone – Wintercoast 2009" (Press release). touchstonemusic.co.uk. Archived from the original on 22 March 2009. Retrieved 28 March 2009.
  36. ^ "World Aids Day". worldaidsday.org. Archived from the original on 28 May 2007. Retrieved 1 December 2007.
  37. ^ Wrench, Nigel (7 November 2003). "Why a Red Ribbon means Aids". BBC. Retrieved 21 April 2007.
  38. ^ "'Luvvies' for Labour". BBC News. 30 August 1998. Retrieved 6 May 2010.
  39. ^ Elgot, Jessica (24 April 2015). "Celebrities sign statement of support for Caroline Lucas – but not the Greens". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 23 July 2015.
  40. ^ Adams, Guy (1 December 2004). "Irons to lead the field in battle against hunting ban". The Independent. London. Retrieved 14 February 2010.
  41. ^ a b "Jeremy Irons talks about the death penalty". Amnesty International UK. Retrieved 5 July 2015
  42. ^ "Signez la pétition pour Roman Polanski !" (in French). La Règle du jeu. 10 November 2009.
  43. ^ Jane Cassidy (15 June 2011). "Lobby Watch: The College of Medicine". British Medical Journal. 343: d3712. doi:10.1136/bmj.d3712. PMID 21677014.
  44. ^ Shea, Danny (3 April 2013). "Jeremy Irons On Gay Marriage: 'Could A Father Not Marry His Son?' (VIDEO)". HuffPost. Retrieved 15 October 2017.
  45. ^ Victoria Ward (4 April 2013). "Jeremy Irons claims gay marriage laws could lead to a father marrying his son". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 11 May 2017.
  46. ^ "Jeremy Irons clarifies gay marriage comments". 3 News NZ. 8 April 2013. Archived from the original on 28 September 2013. Retrieved 25 September 2013.
  47. ^ "Jeremy Irons: I wish I'd buttoned my lip". BBC News. 16 April 2013. Retrieved 15 October 2017.
  48. ^ Couch, Aaron (20 April 2013). "Jeremy Irons Backtracks on Gay Marriage Comments". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 15 October 2017.
  49. ^ Shoard, Catherine (24 March 2016). "Jeremy Irons: 'I have the natural tendency of a benign dictator'". The Guardian.
  50. ^ "Prison Phoenix Trust". prisonphoenixtrust.org.uk. Archived from the original on 5 December 2006. Retrieved 10 November 2006.
  51. ^ "Evidence for Development – Jeremy Irons". evidencefordevelopment.org. Retrieved 4 March 2012.
  52. ^ "Jeremy Irons supports Evidence for Development". YouTube. Retrieved 4 March 2012.
  53. ^ "Sign the petition to end hunger now". YouTube. Retrieved 22 February 2011.
  54. ^ "1billionhungry.org". Retrieved 22 February 2011.
  55. ^ "Jeremy Irons takes on UN world food ambassador role". BBC. 12 July 2015.
  56. ^ "Sahaya supporters celebrate at documentary premiere". davisenterprise.com. 23 May 2013. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
  57. ^ "Sahaya Going Beyond". sahayagoingbeyond.org. Retrieved 5 July 2013.
  58. ^ a b "About us: Our campaign. Jeremy Irons" Archived 8 December 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Turn2us.org. Retrieved 1 December 2015
  59. ^ "de beste bron van informatie over chiltern shakespeare. Deze website is te koop!". chiltern-shakespeare.org. Archived from the original on 25 July 2011. Retrieved 22 February 2011.
  60. ^ "The Associated Studios website".
  61. ^ "Jeremy Irons honoured by UCD Law Society". University College Dublin. Dublin. 11 September 2008. Retrieved 13 May 2012.
  62. ^ "Jeremy Irons at UCD". Dublin: YouTube. Retrieved 13 May 2012.
  63. ^ "Jeremy Irons receives honorary degree". Southampton Solent University. 2008. Archived from the original on 24 February 2013. Retrieved 23 February 2013.
  64. ^ "Oscar winning actor Jeremy Irons named Chancellor of Bath Spa University". Bathspa.ac.uk. 8 August 2016.[permanent dead link]
  65. ^ Cheney, Alexandra (14 April 2013). "Jeremy Irons Calls Church 'No Longer Relevant Politically' - Speakeasy – WSJ". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
  66. ^ Lipworth, Elaine (14 May 2005). "King of all his castles". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 9 September 2010. ...their sons Sam, 27, and Max, 19.
  67. ^ Doyle, Andrew. "The best of Jeremy Irons in Limerick". Limerick.Today.ie. Archived from the original on 14 May 2014.
  68. ^ "WDYTYA? Series Three: Celebrity Gallery". BBC. Retrieved 14 June 2012.
  69. ^ "Oscar-winning actor Jeremy Irons in fight to ban lorries from his Oxfordshire town". Daily Mail. Retrieved 12 July 2015
  70. ^ "L'Homme au Masque de Fer making of – French tv". YouTube.
  71. ^ Saul, Heather (16 March 2016). "Jeremy Irons would turn down a knighthood for the most ridiculous reason". The Independent. Retrieved 16 June 2018.

External links[edit]

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