List of Presidents of Syria

This article lists the Presidents of Syria since 1920.

Keys[edit]

Meaning
—	Acting president.
	National Bloc
	National Party
	Syrian Social Nationalist Party
	Military
	Arab Liberation Movement
	National Union
	People's Party
	Syrian Regional Branch (Ba'ath Party / Syrian Ba'ath Party)

Presidents[edit]

№	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Political party	Note(s)
State of Syria, part of the French Mandate (1922–1930)[edit]
1		Subhi Barakat (1889–1939)	29^[1] June 1922	20^[2] December 1925	3 years, 173 days	Independent	—
—	—	François Pierre-Alype (1853–1932)	9 February 1926	28 April 1926	78 days	Independent	—
2		Ahmad Nami (1879–1960)	28 April 1926	15 February 1928	1 year, 291 days	Independent	—
—		Taj al-Din al-Hasani (1885–1943)	15 February 1928	14 May 1930	2 years, 89 days	Independent	—
Syrian Republic, part of the French Mandate (1930–1945)[edit]
№	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Political party	Note(s)
—		Taj al-Din al-Hasani (1885–1943)	14 May 1930	19 November 1931	1 year, 187 days	Independent	—
—	—	Léon Solomiac (1873–1960)	19 November 1931	11 June 1932	205 days	Independent	—
3		Muhammad Ali al-Abid (1867–1939)	11 June 1932	21 December 1936	4 years, 192 days	Independent	—
4		Hashim al-Atassi (1875–1960)	21 December 1936	7 July 1939	2 years, 198 days	National Bloc	—
5		Bahij al-Khatib (1895–1981)	10 July 1939	4 April 1941	1 year, 268 days	Independent	—
—		Khalid al-Azm (1903–1965)	4 April 1941	16 September 1941	165 days	Independent	—
6		Taj al-Din al-Hasani (1885–1943)	16 September 1941	17 January 1943	1 year, 122 days	Independent	Hasani died in office.^[3]
—		Jamil al-Ulshi (1883–1951)	17 January 1943	25 March 1943	67 days	Independent	—
7		Ata al-Ayyubi (1877–1951)	25 March 1943	17 August 1943	145 days	Independent	—
8		Shukri al-Quwatli (1891–1967)	17 August 1943	24 October 1945	2 years, 67 days	National Bloc	—
Syrian Republic (1945–1958)[edit]
№	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Political party	Note(s)
8		Shukri al-Quwatli (1891–1967)	24 October 1945	29 March 1949	3 years, 157 days	National Bloc / National Party	Quwatli was ousted from power on 29 March 1949 by Husni al-Za'im, his Chief of Staff.^[4]
9		Husni al-Za'im (1897–1949)	30 March 1949	14 August 1949	137 days	Syrian Social Nationalist Party	Za'im was overthrown by a military coup in 1949 led by Adib Shishakli, he was later executed on the orders of the new government.^[5]
10		Sami al-Hinnawi (1898–1950)	14 August 1949	15 August 1949	1 day	Military	—
4		Hashim al-Atassi (1875–1960)	15 August 1949	2 December 1951	2 years, 108 days	National Party	—
—		Adib Shishakli (1909–1964)	2 December 1951	3 December 1951	1 day	Syrian Social Nationalist Party	—
11		Fawzi Selu (1905–1972)	3 December 1951	11 July 1953	1 year, 221 days	Military	—
12		Adib Shishakli (1909–1964)	11 July 1953	25 February 1954	229 days	Arab Liberation Movement	Shishakli resigned from office because of threats of a coup in 1954.^[6] He fled the country, claiming that he did not want the country to fall into a civil war.^[6]
—		Maamun al-Kuzbari (1914–1998)	25 February 1954	28 February 1954	3 days	Independent	—
4		Hashim al-Atassi (1875–1960)	28 February 1954	6 September 1955	1 year, 191 days	National Party	—
8		Shukri al-Quwatli (1891–1967)	6 September 1955	22 February 1958	2 years, 168 days	National Party	—
United Arab Republic (1958–1961)[edit]
№	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Political party	Note(s)
13		Gamal Abdel Nasser (1918–1970)	22 February 1958	29 September 1961	3 years, 220 days	National Union	—
Syrian Arab Republic (1961–present)[edit]
№	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Political party	Note(s)
—		Maamun al-Kuzbari (1914–1998)	29 September 1961	20 November 1961	52 days	Independent	—
—		Izzat al-Nuss (1912–1976)^[7]	20 November 1961	14 December 1961	24 days	Military	—
14		Nazim al-Kudsi (1906–1998)	14 December 1961	8 March 1963	1 year, 82 days	People's Party	The 1963 coup d'état, an event known as the 8th of March Revolution, toppled Nazim al-Kudsi and brought the National Council for the Revolutionary Command (NCRC) to government, although real power lay with the Ba'athist Military Committee, which organized the coup.^[8]
15		Lu'ay al-Atassi (1926–2003)	9 March 1963	27 July 1963	140 days	Independent	Lu'ay al-Atassi was appointed president by the NCRC because he posed no threat to the Military Committee's power.^[9] He resigned after high-ranking non-Ba'athist officers were purged.^[10]
16		Amin al-Hafiz (1921–2009)	27 July 1963	23 February 1966	2 years, 209 days	Ba'ath Party (Syria Region)	Amin al-Hafiz was overthrown by the Military Committee because of his support for Michel Aflaq and the National Command of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party.^[11]
17		Nureddin al-Atassi (1929–1992)	25 February 1966	18 November 1970	4 years, 267 days	Syrian Ba'ath Party (Syria Region)	Nureddin al-Atassi was overthrown when a falling out occurred between Salah Jadid, the real ruler of Syria from 1966 to 1970, and Hafez al-Assad, the Minister of Defense.^[12] Assad initiated a coup in 1970, known as the Corrective Movement.^[13]
—		Ahmad al-Khatib (1933–1982)	18 November 1970	22 February 1971	96 days	Syrian Ba'ath Party (Syria Region)	—
18		Hafez al-Assad (1930–2000)	22 February 1971	10 June 2000	29 years, 202 days	Syrian Ba'ath Party (Syria Region)	Assad died in office.^[14]
—		Abdul Halim Khaddam (1932–)	10 June 2000	17 July 2000	37 days	Syrian Ba'ath Party (Syria Region)	—
19		Bashar al-Assad (1965–)	17 July 2000	Incumbent	18 years, 165 days	Syrian Ba'ath Party (Syria Region)	—

Timeline[edit]

References[edit]

General

^ [1]; [2].
^ Arrêté No. 35 of 30 December 1925.
^ Moubayed 2006, p. 345.
^ Moubayed 2006, p. 311.
^ Moubayed 2006, p. 610.
^ ^a ^b Moubayed 2006, p. 339.
^ https://books.google.de/books?id=zWRmAAAAMAAJ&q=nuss+izzat+1912&dq=nuss+izzat+1912&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y
^ Moubayed 2006, p. 133.
^ Moubayed 2006, p. 175.
^ Rabinovich 1972, p. 72.
^ Seale 1990, pp. 99–101.
^ Seale 1990, pp. 142–144.
^ Seale 1990, pp. 162–163.
^ Moubayed 2006, pp. 154–155.

Bibliography

Moubayed, Sami M. (2006). Steel & Silk: Men and Women who shaped Syria 1900–2000. Cune Press. ISBN 1-885942-40-0.
Seale, Patrick (1990). Asad of Syria: The Struggle for the Middle East. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0520069763.

[1] [1]; [2].

[2] Arrêté No. 35 of 30 December 1925.

[FOOTNOTEMoubayed2006345-3] Moubayed 2006, p. 345.

[FOOTNOTEMoubayed2006311-4] Moubayed 2006, p. 311.

[FOOTNOTEMoubayed2006610-5] Moubayed 2006, p. 610.

[FOOTNOTEMoubayed2006339-6] Moubayed 2006, p. 339.

[7] ttps://books.google.de/books?id=zWRmAAAAMAAJ&q=nuss+izzat+1912&dq=nuss+izzat+1912&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y

[FOOTNOTEMoubayed2006133-8] Moubayed 2006, p. 133.

[FOOTNOTEMoubayed2006175-9] Moubayed 2006, p. 175.

[FOOTNOTERabinovich197272-10] Rabinovich 1972, p. 72.

[FOOTNOTESeale199099–101-11] Seale 1990, pp. 99–101.

[FOOTNOTESeale1990142–144-12] Seale 1990, pp. 142–144.

[FOOTNOTESeale1990162–163-13] Seale 1990, pp. 162–163.

[FOOTNOTEMoubayed2006154–155-14] Moubayed 2006, pp. 154–155.

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[6]

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[9]

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[14]

List of Presidents of Syria

Contents

Keys[edit]

Presidents[edit]

State of Syria, part of the French Mandate (1922–1930)[edit]

Syrian Republic, part of the French Mandate (1930–1945)[edit]

Syrian Republic (1945–1958)[edit]

United Arab Republic (1958–1961)[edit]

Syrian Arab Republic (1961–present)[edit]

Timeline[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

Hafez al-Assad

Michel Aflaq

Salah Jadid

Shukri al-Quwatli

Sami Moubayed

List of Prime Ministers of Syria

Sami al-Hinnawi

Sabah Qabbani

Badawi al-Jabal

Mansur al-Atrash

Muhammad Umran

Abd al-Karim al-Jundi

Wahib al-Ghanim

Regional Command of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region

Ziad al-Hariri

Salim Hatum

v t e Presidents of Syria
French Mandate	Subhi Bey Barakat François Pierre-Alype^AP Ahmad Nami Taj al-Din al-Hasani^AP Léon Solomiac^AP Mohammed Ali Bey al-Abed Hashim al-Atassi Bahij al-Khatib Khalid al-Azm^AP Taj al-Din al-Hasani Jamil al-Ulshi^AP Ata Bey al-Ayyubi Shukri al-Quwatli
Syrian Republic	Shukri al-Quwatli Husni al-Za'im^† Sami al-Hinnawi^AP^† Hashim al-Atassi Adib Shishakli^AP^† Fawzi Selu^† Adib Shishakli Maamun al-Kuzbari^AP^† Hashim al-Atassi Shukri al-Quwatli
United Arab Republic	Gamal Abdel Nasser
Syrian Arab Republic	Maamun al-Kuzbari^AP Izzat al-Nuss^AP^† Nazim al-Kudsi Lu'ay al-Atassi^† Amin al-Hafiz^† Nureddin al-Atassi^† Ahmad al-Khatib^AP Hafez al-Assad Abdul Halim Khaddam^AP Bashar al-Assad
^AP: Acting president; ^†: Military