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List of Presidents of Syria

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Syrian Arab Republic
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This article lists the Presidents of Syria since 1920.

Presidents[edit]

Meaning
— Acting president.
National Bloc
National Party
Syrian Social Nationalist Party
Military
Arab Liberation Movement
National Union
People's Party
Syrian Regional Branch
(Ba'ath Party / Syrian Ba'ath Party)

State of Syria, part of the French Mandate (1922–1930)[edit]

№ Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Elected Time in office Duration Political party Note(s)
1 Subhi barkat.jpg Subhi Barakat
(1889–1939) 		— 29[1] June 1922 20[2] December 1925 3 years, 173 days Independent
—
— No image.svg François Pierre-Alype
(1853–1932) 		— 9 February 1926 28 April 1926 78 days Independent
—
2 Sy nami.png Ahmad Nami
(1879–1960) 		— 28 April 1926 15 February 1928 1 year, 291 days Independent
—
— Taj al-Din al-Hasani.jpg Taj al-Din al-Hasani
(1885–1943) 		— 15 February 1928 14 May 1930 2 years, 89 days Independent
—

Syrian Republic, part of the French Mandate (1930–1945)[edit]

№ Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Elected Time in office Duration Political party Note(s)
— Taj al-Din al-Hasani.jpg Taj al-Din al-Hasani
(1885–1943) 		— 14 May 1930 19 November 1931 1 year, 187 days Independent
—
— No image.svg Léon Solomiac
(1873–1960) 		— 19 November 1931 11 June 1932 205 days Independent
—
3 Muhammad Ali al-Abid.jpg Muhammad Ali al-Abid
(1867–1939) 		— 11 June 1932 21 December 1936 4 years, 192 days Independent
—
4 Hashim Al Atassi.jpg Hashim al-Atassi
(1875–1960) 		— 21 December 1936 7 July 1939 2 years, 198 days National Bloc
—
5 Bahij al-Khatib.jpg Bahij al-Khatib
(1895–1981) 		— 10 July 1939 4 April 1941 1 year, 268 days Independent
—
— Khalid al-Azm.jpg Khalid al-Azm
(1903–1965) 		— 4 April 1941 16 September 1941 165 days Independent
—
6 Taj al-Din al-Hasani.jpg Taj al-Din al-Hasani
(1885–1943) 		— 16 September 1941 17 January 1943 1 year, 122 days Independent Hasani died in office.[3]
— Jamil al-Ulshi.jpg Jamil al-Ulshi
(1883–1951) 		— 17 January 1943 25 March 1943 67 days Independent
—
7 Ata al-Ayyubi.jpg Ata al-Ayyubi
(1877–1951) 		— 25 March 1943 17 August 1943 145 days Independent
—
8 Portrait of Shukri al-Quwatli in 1943.jpeg Shukri al-Quwatli
(1891–1967) 		— 17 August 1943 24 October 1945 2 years, 67 days National Bloc
—

Syrian Republic (1945–1958)[edit]

№ Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Elected Time in office Duration Political party Note(s)
8 Portrait of Shukri al-Quwatli in 1943.jpeg Shukri al-Quwatli
(1891–1967) 		— 24 October 1945 29 March 1949 3 years, 157 days National Bloc /
National Party 		Quwatli was ousted from power on 29 March 1949 by Husni al-Za'im, his Chief of Staff.[4]
9 Husni al-Zaiim.jpg Husni al-Za'im
(1897–1949) 		1949 30 March 1949 14 August 1949 137 days Syrian Social Nationalist Party Za'im was overthrown by a military coup in 1949 led by Adib Shishakli, he was later executed on the orders of the new government.[5]
10 Sami al-Hinnawi.jpg Sami al-Hinnawi
(1898–1950) 		— 14 August 1949 15 August 1949 1 day Military
—
4 Hashim Al Atassi.jpg Hashim al-Atassi
(1875–1960) 		— 15 August 1949 2 December 1951 2 years, 108 days National Party
—
— Adib al-Shishakli.jpg Adib Shishakli
(1909–1964) 		— 2 December 1951 3 December 1951 1 day Syrian Social Nationalist Party
—
11 Fawzi Selu.jpg Fawzi Selu
(1905–1972) 		— 3 December 1951 11 July 1953 1 year, 221 days Military
—
12 Adib al-Shishakli.jpg Adib Shishakli
(1909–1964) 		1953 11 July 1953 25 February 1954 229 days Arab Liberation Movement Shishakli resigned from office because of threats of a coup in 1954.[6] He fled the country, claiming that he did not want the country to fall into a civil war.[6]
— Maamoun Kuzbari.jpg Maamun al-Kuzbari
(1914–1998) 		— 25 February 1954 28 February 1954 3 days Independent
—
4 Hashim Al Atassi.jpg Hashim al-Atassi
(1875–1960) 		— 28 February 1954 6 September 1955 1 year, 191 days National Party
—
8 Portrait of Shukri al-Quwatli in 1943.jpeg Shukri al-Quwatli
(1891–1967) 		— 6 September 1955 22 February 1958 2 years, 168 days National Party
—

United Arab Republic (1958–1961)[edit]

№ Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Elected Time in office Duration Political party Note(s)
13 Nasser portrait2.jpg Gamal Abdel Nasser
(1918–1970) 		1958 22 February 1958 29 September 1961 3 years, 220 days National Union
—

Syrian Arab Republic (1961–present)[edit]

№ Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Elected Time in office Duration Political party Note(s)
— Maamoun Kuzbari.jpg Maamun al-Kuzbari
(1914–1998) 		— 29 September 1961 20 November 1961 52 days Independent Kuzbari took office following the 1961 coup d'état, which dissolved the United Arab Republic.
— Sy izzat al-nuss.png Izzat al-Nuss
(1912–1976)[7] 		— 20 November 1961 14 December 1961 24 days Military
—
14 Nazim al=Kudsi.jpg Nazim al-Kudsi
(1906–1998) 		— 14 December 1961 8 March 1963 1 year, 82 days People's Party The 1963 coup d'état, an event known as the 8th of March Revolution, toppled Nazim al-Kudsi and brought the National Council for the Revolutionary Command (NCRC) to government, although real power lay with the Ba'athist Military Committee, which organized the coup.[8]
15 Luai al-Atassi.jpg Lu'ay al-Atassi
(1926–2003) 		— 9 March 1963 27 July 1963 140 days Independent Lu'ay al-Atassi was appointed president by the NCRC because he posed no threat to the Military Committee's power.[9] He resigned after high-ranking non-Ba'athist officers were purged.[10]
16 Amin al-Hafez 1965.jpg Amin al-Hafiz
(1921–2009) 		— 27 July 1963 23 February 1966 2 years, 209 days Ba'ath Party
(Syria Region) 		Amin al-Hafiz was overthrown by the Military Committee because of his support for Michel Aflaq and the National Command of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party.[11]
17 Nureddin Atassi.jpg Nureddin al-Atassi
(1929–1992) 		— 25 February 1966 18 November 1970 4 years, 267 days Syrian Ba'ath Party
(Syria Region) 		Nureddin al-Atassi was overthrown when a falling out occurred between Salah Jadid, the real ruler of Syria from 1966 to 1970, and Hafez al-Assad, the Minister of Defense.[12] Assad initiated a coup in 1970, known as the Corrective Movement.[13]
— Ahmad al-Khatib, the interim head of state who ruled Syria for four months from November 1970 to March 1971.png Ahmad al-Khatib
(1933–1982) 		— 18 November 1970 22 February 1971 96 days Syrian Ba'ath Party
(Syria Region)
—
18 Hafez al-Assad official portrait.jpg Hafez al-Assad
(1930–2000) 		1971
1978
1985
1991
1999 		22 February 1971 10 June 2000 29 years, 202 days Syrian Ba'ath Party
(Syria Region) 		Assad died in office.[14]
— Abdul Halim Khaddam in 1974.jpg Abdul Halim Khaddam
(1932–) 		— 10 June 2000 17 July 2000 37 days Syrian Ba'ath Party
(Syria Region)
—
19 Bashar al-Assad (cropped).jpg Bashar al-Assad
(1965–) 		2000
2007
2014 		17 July 2000 Incumbent 18 years, 277 days Syrian Ba'ath Party
(Syria Region)
—

Timeline[edit]

Bashar al-AssadAbdul Halim KhaddamHafez al-AssadAhmad al-KhatibNureddin al-AtassiAmin al-HafizLu'ay al-AtassiNazim al-KudsiIzzat al-NussGamal Abdel NasserMaamun al-KuzbariFawzi SeluAdib ShishakliSami al-HinnawiHusni al-Za'imShukri al-QuwatliAta al-AyyubiJamil al-UlshiKhalid al-AzmBahij al-KhatibHashim al-AtassiMuhammad Ali al-AbidLéon SolomiacTaj al-Din al-HasaniAhmad NamiFrançois Pierre-AlypeSubhi Barakat

See also[edit]

References[edit]

General
  1. ^ [1]; [2].
  2. ^ Arrêté No. 35 of 30 December 1925.
  3. ^ Moubayed 2006, p. 345.
  4. ^ Moubayed 2006, p. 311.
  5. ^ Moubayed 2006, p. 610.
  6. ^ a b Moubayed 2006, p. 339.
  7. ^ https://books.google.de/books?id=zWRmAAAAMAAJ&q=nuss+izzat+1912&dq=nuss+izzat+1912&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y
  8. ^ Moubayed 2006, p. 133.
  9. ^ Moubayed 2006, p. 175.
  10. ^ Rabinovich 1972, p. 72.
  11. ^ Seale 1990, pp. 99–101.
  12. ^ Seale 1990, pp. 142–144.
  13. ^ Seale 1990, pp. 162–163.
  14. ^ Moubayed 2006, pp. 154–155.
Bibliography
  • Moubayed, Sami M. (2006). Steel & Silk: Men and Women who shaped Syria 1900–2000. Cune Press. ISBN 1-885942-40-0.
  • Seale, Patrick (1990). Asad of Syria: The Struggle for the Middle East. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0520069763.
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