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Old City (Bern)
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The Old City is the medieval city center of Bern, Switzerland. Built on a hill surrounded on three sides by the river Aare, its compact layout has remained essentially unchanged since its construction during the twelfth to the fifteenth century. The Old City is home to Switzerlands tallest cathedral as well as churches, bridges. In addition to historical buildings, the seats of the federal, cantonal and municipal government are also situated in the Old City. It is a UNESCO Cultural World Heritage Site since 1983 due to the compact, numerous buildings in the Old City have been designated as Swiss Cultural Properties of National Significance, as well as the entire Old City. The earliest settlements in the valley of the Aare date back to the Neolithic period, during the second century BC the valley was settled by the Helvetii. Following the Roman conquest of Helvetia a small Roman settlement was established near the Old City and this settlement was abandoned during the second century AD. From that time until the founding of Bern the area remained sparsely settled, the history of the city of Bern proper begins with its founding by Duke Berchtold V of Zähringen in 1191. Local legend has it that the duke vowed to name the city after the first animal he met on the hunt, both the name of the city and its heraldic beast, come from this legend. At that time, much of todays Switzerland was under the authority of the house of Zähringen, the Zähringer leaders, although with no actual duchy of their own, were styled dukes by decree of the German king and exercised imperial power south of the Rhine. To establish their position there, they founded or expanded numerous settlements, including Fribourg, Bern, Burgdorf, the area chosen by Berchtold V was a hilly peninsula surrounded by the Aare on three sides. This location made the city easy to defend and influenced the development of the city. The long, narrow shape of the made the city develop as several long. The only major cross streets developed along the city walls, which were moved to allow the city to expand, therefore, the cross streets mark the stages of development in the Old City of Bern. On the eastern end of the peninsula a small fort, called Castle Nydegg, was founded by Berchtold IV in the half of the twelfth century. Either when the fort was built or in 1191, the city of Bern was founded around the end of the peninsula. The first expansion of Bern occurred as the city was founded, most likely the first city started at Nydegg Castle and reached to the Zytglogge. The city was divided by three streets, which stretched from the Castle to the city wall
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